INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION -23 IMPORTANT HARAPPAN SITES DETAILS-LIST

1) Harappa Montogomery, Pakistan. Discovered by: Ram Sahini (1921-1923)
Located on the bank of River: Ravi
Feautures: Gateway city,fortified wall,workmen’s quarter,copper Chariot with
canopy,R-37cementry vanity case,seven layers showing pre-Harappan to late late
Harappan stage,two statues(red stone torso and a dancer).copper specimen of
bullock cart.

2) Mohenjodaro(Sindh). Discovered by: R.DBanerji (1922)
Located on the bank of River: Indus
Features: “Mound of the dead”-well known for the Great Bath,Great
Granary,Collegiate Building and Assembly Hall. A stealite male head with flowing
hair,long beared;the bronze dancing girl and complex toys.

3) Kalibangan (Hanumangarh Rajasthan). Discovered by: Amalnand Ghosh
Located on the bank of River: Ghaggar
Features: Mud-brick fortification,stone blade,cart wheel a grave in east-west
direction,discovery of a plough field,no drainage system,wall bifurcating citadel.

4) Koti-Diji (sind). Discovered by: Fazl Ahmed Khan(1955)
Located on the bank of River: Indus
Features: Defensive wall,wheel turned pottery. Blade Industry and houses of
stone.

5) Chanhu-Daro(sind). Discovered by: N.G Mazumdar Mackay(1931)
Located on the bank of River: Indus
Features: Brick or Stone fortification,curved bricks for bath tubs,water
tanks,intersecting circles painted on jars,toys like decorated carts with humped
oxen,fish compartmented seals of faience,bronze shafthole axe.

6) Amri(sind). Discovered by: N.G Mazumdar
Located on the bank of River: Indus
Features: Evidence of antelope ditches,shopping complex,traces of drainage and
platforms ,bronze tools and knives

7)Ropar(Punjab). Discovered by: Y.D Sharma(1953)
Located on the bank of River: Sutlej
Features: Ware with and without slip,black and red ware and ochre-coloured
ware spouted vessels and copper objects.

8) Banwali Hissar,(Hayana). Discovered by:R.S Bist(1973)
Located on the bank of River: Saraswati
Features: Pre Harappan and Harappan sites;remain of streets and drains;traces
of barley.

9)Alamgirpur,Merrut (western U.P). Discovered by:B.S Samaj(1953)
Located on the bank of River: Hiddon
Features: Pottery;black ware,red ware,plant fossils,animal bone and copper tools.


11) Suktagendor(Baluchistan). Discovered by:G.Dates(1962)
Located on the bank of River: Dast
Features: Trade point between Harappa and Babylon;situated on natural
rock;western most site.

11) Lothal Ahemedabad(Gujarat). Discovered by:S.R Rao(1957)
Located on the bank of River: Bhogwa
Features: A coastal site,dockyard built with brick discovery of dyeing-vats,large
cemetery ,rice grain funnel,evidence of cotton,bead factory ,pottery with the
painting of ‘clever fox’;Iranian Seal,Ivory etc.

12) Surkotada(Gujarat). Discovered by:Jaga Pati(1964)
Located on the bank of River:Joshi
Features: Flourishing urban centres,elaborate fortification shipping
complex,large stone-age jar with a short inscription,bead industry,antimony
rod,fossils remains of horses.

13) Rangpur(Gujarat). Discovered by:Vats(1931), S.R Rao (1953)
Located on the bank of River: Bhandar
Features: Surrounded by a fort,local Rangpur Pottery(red ware,lustrous red
ware),plant remains(rice,millets and possibly bajara)and copper rod

14) Rojdi(Gujarat). Discovered by:ASI(1962)
Located on the bank of River: Bhadar
Features: Red Pottery, perforated jars and sprinklers

15)Sotkakoh(Baluchistan). Discovered by: Dales(1962)
Located on the bank of River:Shadikaur

16) Rakhigarhi jind(haryana). Discovered by: Suraj Bhan(1968)

17) Malvana(Gujarat). Discovered by: J.P Joshi(1967)
Located on the bank of River: Tapti

18) Bhagatrav,(Gujarat). Discovered by: ASI
Located on the bank of River: Tapti

19) Dholavira(Gujarat). Discovered by: R.SBist (1985-90)
Features: Several cultural stages;three parts of city;unique water
management,first evidence of stone architecture,largest Harappan
inscription,use of fire-altars.

20) Balathal(Rajasthan). Discovered by: ASI

21) Manda(J&K) 1979-1980
Located on the bank of River: Chenab

22) Kunal(Haryana)
Located on the bank of River: Saraswati

23)Mitathal,Bhiwani,(Haryana). Discovered by: Suraj Bhan(1968)
Features: Copper Axe was found here.

What is Political Theory?

Outlines: Political theory is not only a theory of/about politics, it is also the science of politics, the
philosophy of politics at that. As a theory, Bluhen explains, political theory “stands for an
abstract model of the political order… a guide to the systematic collection and analysis of
political data” (Theories of Political System, 1981). Andrew Hacker, enlarging the point of
view, says that political theory as a “theory, in ideal terms, is dispassionate and disinterested.
As science, it will describe political reality without trying to pass judgement on what is being
depicted, either implicitly or explicitly. As philosophy, it will describe rules of conduct which will
secure good life for all of society…” (Political Theory: Philosophy, Ideology, Science, 1961).
Political theory is not fantasy, though it may contain an element of political vision. It is not
politicking, though it does take into account political realities for its study and analysis. It is not
all scientism, though it seeks to reach the roots of all political activity analytically and systematically.
It is not ideology, though it attempts to justify a political system and condemns another. It is
theoretical, scientific, philosophical and at the same time dynamic with a clear objective of
attaining a better social order. It thus, has in varying degrees, elements of ‘theory’, ‘science’,
‘philosophy’ and ‘ideology’.

Definition: Political theory is a theory about what is “political”, the science and philosophy of what is political. George Sabine says, “It is anything about politics or relevant to politics”. This being the broader meaning, he refers to its narrow meaning, saying that it is “the disciplined investigation of political problems” (A History of Political Theory, 1973). David Held defines political theory as “a network of concepts and generalizations about political life involving ideas, assumptions and statements about the nature, purpose and key features of government, state and society and about the political capabilities of human beings”. (Political Theory Today, 1991) A very elaborate definition of political theory has been given in Political Science Dictionary, describing it as “a body of thought that seeks to evaluate, explain and predict political phenomena. As a sub-field of Political Science, it is concerned with political ideas, values and concepts, and the explanation of prediction of political behaviour. In its broad sense, it has two main branches: one is political philosophy or normative theory, with its value, analytic, historical and speculative concerns. The
other is empirical theory, with its efforts to explain, predict, guide, research and organize
knowledge through the formulation of abstract models, and scientifically testable propositions.”

Political theory is all about politics. It is an overview of what the political order is about. It is
a symbolic representation of what is “political”. In its nature, it is a formal, logical and systematic analysis of processes and consequences of political activity. It is, in its method, analytical, expository, and explanatory. It is, in its objective, an attempt to give order, coherence and meaning to what may be referred to as “political”.

Tips to prepare General studies for Civil Services Exam.

The first step to do the same will be self assessment and making clear how much we need to improve and how many concepts we need to make a strong base for civil services. Along with this we need to develop right technique for preparation of civil services, this can achieved using internet, magazines, and developing an effective habit of newspaper reading, (not spending lot of time and gaining lesser knowledge). A solid base for civil service exam means that there is no need to revise basics again later. This can be achieved by reading basic books or textbooks (NCERT BOOKS). Some of these books are must picks:

– Bipin Chandra for "India's Struggle for Independence".
– DD Basu for Indian constitution.
– Class 11th and 12th old ncert textbooks: 3 in Geography (1 physical, 1 India, 1 economic), 3 in History (Ancient and medieval for the culture, philosophy part only, and the modern one for modern history)– Class 9th and 10th Science old ncerts (specially the biology part)

Here is the link from which NCERT books can be easily downloaded for free:

http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm

Here is link to download"DD BASU--INDIAN CONSTITUTION".

https://kickass.to/introduction-to-the-constitution-of-india-d-d-basu-t7527685.html

Here is the link to download "India's Struggle for Independence":

http://www.upscsuccess.com/sites/default/files/documents/India%27s_Struggle_for_Independence_%28Bipan_Chandra%29_@VikasMaurya.pdf

Target Civil Services 2015...

 Here I am sharing some points you need to follow before preparing for Civil Services Exam:

1. Read the latest notification to get the hang of the current examination process

1.1. Download the notification from UPSC website (www.upsc.gov.in)

1.2. Go to ‘EXAMINATIONS'

1.3. Go to 'NOTIFICATION'

1.4. Go to ‘ARCHIVAL'

1.5. Go to 'CIVIL SERVICES EXAM 2014’ (latest as on date 06.09.2014)

2. Go through the pattern and syllabus of the exam given in the notification to acquaint
oneself of the exam and process (also, try to select probable optional subject/ s)

3. Check last 4 years question papers of prelims and 5 years of mains examination, this
will help one to get the feel of the exam / focus areas and try and develop a sense to
judge what is relevant or not from the ocean of information . (For quick acquaintance
and to get a feeler of what’s in store, one may take ‘Civil Services (Preliminary)
Examination 2012’ and ‘Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2013’ question
papers in exam-like setting, like mock tests, and check the score from official answer
keys.)

3.1. Download previous years’ question papers from UPSC website
(www.upsc.gov.in)

3.2. Go to ‘PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTION PAPERS’

3.3. Download available previous years’ answer keys from UPSC website
(www.upsc.gov.in)

3.4. Go to EXAMINATIONS

3.5. Go to ANSWER KEYS

…Once you are comfortable and acquainted enough with 1, 2, 3 then you can move
on to...

4. Start reading daily newspaper, try to develop a balanced perspective on relevant
issues

5. Start with basic NCERT / NIOS books / IGNOU notes
…once you are in the groove for 4, 5 then you can move on …

6. Move on to subject/topic specific material for in-depth understanding from IGNOU
notes / Standard books / various websites / coaching material etc. (check the
documents / files section of the UPSC CIVIL SERVICES ASPIRANTS group for
starters)

… While one is consistently following / revising 4,5,6, one should also spare a
thought on selecting an optional subject from the list of probable optional subjects…

7. Read basic text books/previous years question papers to select the best among the
probable optional subjects. Decision parameters may be interest, extent of syllabus,
availability of material etc.